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FLASH GENE
Symbol CRY1 contributors: mct - updated : 07-02-2014
HGNC name cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like)
HGNC id 2384
Location 12q23.3      Physical location : 107.385.142 - 107.487.598
Synonym symbol(s) PHLL1, PLY
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 102.46 kb     13 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
13 - 3273 66.3 586 - 1999 10428031
EXPRESSION
Rna function photoreceptor
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Endocrineparathyroid   highly
Lymphoid/Immunethymus   highly
Nervousbrain    
Reproductivemale systemtestis  highly
Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx  highly
Visualeyelens   
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a mitochondrial transport signal in the N terminal region
  • a cryptochrome differentiating alpha-helical domain within the photolyase homology region (PHR), designated as CRY1-PHR(313-426), that is required for clock function and distinguishes CRY1 from CRY2
  • conjugated FlavoP
    mono polymer monomer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to plant blue-light receptors
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • blue light receptor family
  • DNA photolyase class-1 family
  • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,nucleus
    basic FUNCTION
  • DNA repair by excision of UV induced DNA damage, putatively involved in photoreactivation
  • light-independent inhibitor of CLOCK-ARNTL (BMAL1)
  • involved in the negative limb of the feedback loop
  • regulate the functional activity of circadian transcriptional complex at the posttranslational level
  • involved in the negative limb of the feedback loop
  • negative regulators of the circadian clock, stronger than PER proteins
  • CRY1 expression was elevated during the night-day transition, when it reduced fasting gluconeogenic gene expression by blocking glucagon-mediated increases in intracellular cAMP concentrations and in the protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of CREB
  • essential clock component, displaying evening-time expression and serves as a strong repressor at morning-time elements (E box/E' box)
  • phase delay in CRY1 transcription is required for mammalian clock function
  • specific mechanism through which CRY1, CRY2 couple the activity of clock and receptor target genes to complex genomic circuits underpinning normal metabolic homeostasis
  • CRY1 alone is able to maintain cell-autonomous circadian rhythms, whereas CRY2 cannot
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS circadian
    text circadian rythm
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling sensory transduction/vision
    a component core component of the mammalian circadian clock
    INTERACTION
    DNA binding
    RNA
    small molecule cofactor,
  • one FAD per subunit
  • protein
  • USP2 interacts with CRY1 and enhances its protein stability via deubiquitination upon serum shock
  • FBXL21 stabilized CRY1 and CRY2 and antagonized the destabilizing action by FBXL3
  • CRY1 is an endogenous substrate for FBXL21- and FBXL3-catalyzed ubiquitination
  • KPNB1 interacts mainly with PER proteins and directs PER1/CRY1 nuclear transport in a circadian fashion
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Phosphorylated by CSNK1E
    Other degraded via the FBXL3-mediated ubiquitination pathway, suggesting that it is also likely to be targeted by the deubiquitination pathway
    CRY1 and CRY2 repressor proteins are regulated by posttranslational modifications for temporally coordinated transcription of clock genes
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    epigenetic silencing of CRY1 in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • combined PER2 and CRY1 expression predicts outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • mice that are arrhythmic because of the deletion of Cry1 and Cry2 clock genes suffer from salt-sensitive hypertension