basic FUNCTION
| being essential for normal development of the catecholamine and renin-angiotensin pathways and the synthesis of different collagens |
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increasing phosphorylation of beta catenin and modulating downstream biological functions including cell adhesion tumor invasiveness and metastases |
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having an important role in angiogenesis during development and in wound repair and advanced malignancies |
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regulating the activity of different systems important in cytoskeletal stability and the strength of cell-cell adhesion in stimulating degradation of cytoskeletal proteins, through the regulation of PTPRZ1 (inactivating PRPRZ1 tyrosine phosphatase activity) |
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being an effective angiogenic agent able to initiate new vessel formation that is both normal in appearance and function, through its ability to stimulate different functions in different cell types not limited to the endothelial cell |
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playing a neurotrophic role that may lead to previously unrecognized treatment options for motor neuron disease and motor axonal regeneration |
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with its receptor, N-syndecan, may play a very important role in tumor growth and neural invasion of pancreatic cancer |
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playing a negative role in adipogenesis |
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induces the stimulation of expression of inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), IL1B and IL6, in quiescent human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) through B-lymphocyte binding |
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importance of PTN in the regulation of inflammatory processes |
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host factor sufficient to induce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication associated with inflammatory cytokine expression |
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multifunctional growth factor, which played an important role in tumor occurrence, development, and central nervous system |
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regenerative growth factor for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and new regulator of both HSCs expansion and regeneration |
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in the prostate PTN functions as a regulator of both mesenchymal and epithelial proliferation, and androgens regulate PTN levels |
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PTN delays the maturation of the mammary gland by maintaining mammary epithelial cells in a progenitor phenotype and by inhibiting their differentiation during mammary gland development |
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PTN is a secreted component of the bone marrow (BM) vascular niche that regulates hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and retention |
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is able to induce ex vivo angiogenesis during aging and might be a new promising therapy to induce neovascularization in aged tissues as well as after age-associated cardiac, hindlimb or cerebral ischemia |
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PTN-mediated BRD2 antagonism emerges as a modulation system accounting for the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation in the vertebrate nervous system |
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PTN-mediated hematopoietic regeneration occurs in a RAS-dependent manner |
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pleiotropic growth factor that exhibits angiogenic properties and is involved in tumor growth and metastasis |
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is a cytokine found highly upregulated in the brain in different disorders characterized by overt neuroinflammation such as neurodegenerative diseases, drug addiction, traumatic injury, and ischemia |
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is a novel and potent regulator of neuroinflammation |